Understanding the Magisterium

Definitions & Quotes
 

Infallibility: "This infallibility resides (A) in the pope personally and alone; (B) in an ecumenical Council subject to papal confirmation (these infallibilities are distinct but correlative); (C) in the bishops of the Church, dispersed throughout the world, teaching definitively in union with the pope. This is not a different infallibility from (B) but is the ordinary exercise of a prerogative (hence called the "ordinary magisterium") which is manifested in a striking manner in an ecumenical Council. This ordinary magisterium is exercised by pastoral letters, preaching, catechisms, the censorship of publications dealing with faith and morals, the reprobation of doctrines and books: it is thus in continuous function and embraces the whole deposit of faith." “A Catholic Dictionary”, Attwater, imprimatur 1951

Magisterium: "The official activity of teaching may be exercised either in the ordinary, or daily, magisterium, or by occasional solemn decisions. The former goes on uninterruptedly; the latter are called forth in times of great danger, especially of growing heresies." Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913

 

Magisterium: “The Church's divinely appointed authority to teach the truths of religion…This teaching is infallible. The solemn magisterium is that which is exercised only rarely by formal and authentic definitions of councils or Popes... The ordinary magisterium is continually exercised by the Church especially in her universal practices connected with faith and morals, in the unanimous consent of the Fathers and theologians, in the decisions of the Roman Congregations concerning faith and morals, in the common sense of the Faithful, and various historical documents, in which the faith is declared. All these are founts of a teaching which as a whole is infallible...”  “A Catholic Dictionary”, Attwater, imprimatur 1951
 

"All those things are to be believed by divine and Catholic faith which are contained in the written Word of God or in Tradition, and which are proposed by the Church, either in solemn judgment or in its ordinary and universal teaching office, as divinely revealed truths which must be believed." First Vatican Council, 1870

 

Example
 

100 A.D. Scripture is officially complete at the death of the last Apostle (John). Scripture confirms the Church founded by Christ cannot teach error, and that those who reject it are condemned. The Pope and bishops of the Church continue to propagate the infallible Deposit of Faith (Scripture and tradition) from generation to generation. This teaching is referred to as the ordinary magisterium and is infallible. The primary methods of teaching used by the ordinary magisterium are by preaching and writing

300 A.D. The first 3 centuries of Catholics have lived without any teaching from the solemn magisterium. They have learned their faith solely through the ordinary everyday teaching of the popes and bishops (the infallible ordinary magisterium). The Deposit of Faith remains completely intact and is infallible

319 A.D. Arius, a Catholic Bishop, is noticed to be preaching a doctrine on the divinity of Christ that differs from the continuous teaching of the Church handed down (the ordinary magisterium). The clergy know the Deposit of Faith handed down so far is infallible, so when they notice a departure from it, they immediately know it's heretical. Arius is then corrected by his peers

326 A.D. The Council of Nicaea, the first use of the solemn magisterium since the founding of the Catholic Church, is called to order, which condemns Arius and his false doctrine, since he refuses to recant. The doctrine on the divinity of Christ is already considered infallible through the day to day teaching of the ordinary magisterium, and now the Church has confirmed it is infallible again through the solemn magisterium, so there is no confusion about it among the faithful

The following centuries A.D. - After the Council of Nicaea, the ordinary magisterium continues its daily, infallible teaching of the Deposit of Faith through the popes and bishops of the Church, keeping it completely intact and unchanged. The solemn magisterium is used only rarely going forward, which is typically used to confirm an already-infallible doctrine from the ordinary magisterium (usually because it has come under attack by heretics)

The Church Fathers and Doctors of the Church assist the popes and bishops throughout the centuries in clarifying the doctrines that have been passed down. Should these Fathers and Doctors stray from the Deposit of Faith, they are corrected by their peers and the Church resumes as normal. The solemn magisterium is only typically used when someone refuses to recant on teaching a false doctrine

Encyclicals, catechisms, and other approved Church resources are published throughout the centuries confirming the individual doctrines that have been handed down intact and unchanged. These resources (i.e. catechisms) are not infallible in and of themselves, but they teach individual, already-infallible doctrines that have been handed down by the ordinary magisterium

1487 A.D. Scripture confirms that the Catholic Church has always practiced the prohibition and censorship of books since the beginning, but with the invention of the printing press, dangerous books begin to appear far more rapidly. This paves the way for the Bull of Innocent VIII, which universally prescribes the censorship of books, and entrusts the bishops with its execution

The imprimatur, an approval by a bishop to permit a book on faith and morals to be printed, is an affirmation that "the book may, under present circumstances, be read without detriment to faith or morals." (Commentary on Canon Law (Augustine 1918), Canon Law 1385). The imprimatur is one of the vehicles used by the ordinary magisterium to protect the Church from error. In the rare event that an imprimatur should be mistakenly given to a book that has strayed from the Deposit of Faith, it is guaranteed that the network of bishops will catch this. In such a case, if the book is circulated only a small area, the local bishop may forbid it for his diocese. However if circulation is widespread, then the Pope may need to publicly forbid the reading of the book. A future edition of the book with the error corrected may possibly be published, however it will require a new imprimatur. Books translated into other languages also require a new imprimatur

So it can be clearly seen that those Catholics today who use the excuse to ignore something from the Church, stating that the source is "not infallible", are mistaken. If a doctrine has been taught continuously by the ordinary magisterium, it is infallible, regardless of how the doctrine was relayed to the faithful (i.e. by catechism, preaching, encyclical etc.)